¹² The joint session to count electoral votes was dissolved three times so that the House and Senate could resolve several electoral disputes.
[ Return to Feb. 12, 1873 ]

¹³ Because of a severe cold and hoarseness, the King could not deliver his speech, which was read by former Representative Elisha Hunt Allen, then serving as Chancellor and Chief Justice of the Hawaiian Islands. [ Return to Dec. 18, 1874 ]

¹⁴ The contested election between Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel J. Tilden created a constitutional crisis.  Tilden won the popular vote by a close margin, but disputes concerning the electoral vote returns from four states deadlocked the proceedings of the joint session. Anticipating this development, the Congress had created a special commission of five Senators, five Representatives, and five Supreme Court Justices to resolve such disputes. The Commission met in the Supreme Court Chamber (the present Old Senate Chamber) as each problem arose. In each case, the Commission accepted the Hayes' electors, securing his election by one electoral vote. The joint session was convened on 15 occasions, with the last on March 2, just three days before the inauguration. [ Return to Feb. 1, 1877 ]

¹⁵ The speech was written by former Speaker and Senator Robert C. Winthrop, who could not attend the ceremony because of ill health.
[ Return to Feb. 21, 1885 ]